{"id":19253,"date":"2019-02-27T08:00:52","date_gmt":"2019-02-27T06:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/animaliamedia.fi\/kohti-elainkokeetonta-maailmaa\/"},"modified":"2019-11-13T11:42:40","modified_gmt":"2019-11-13T09:42:40","slug":"kohti-elainkokeetonta-maailmaa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/animaliamedia.fi\/sv\/kohti-elainkokeetonta-maailmaa\/","title":{"rendered":"Finska FICAM fr\u00e4mjar forskning utan djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Alternativ till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k utforskas kontinuerligt. I Finland bedriver Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM) vid Tammerfors universitet s\u00e5dant arbete. Centret fyllde nyligen 10\u202f\u00e5r. <\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orsaker till att det beh\u00f6vs alternativ \u00e4r att djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k \u00e4r oetiska, att djurs biolog skiljer sig fr\u00e5n m\u00e4nniskans och att djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k \u00e4r dyra. Lagstiftningen f\u00f6ruts\u00e4tter redan nu att cellmodeller anv\u00e4nds i de fall d\u00e4r p\u00e5litliga s\u00e5dana finns att tillg\u00e5. EU:s kosmetikadirektiv f\u00f6rbjuder nya djurtester f\u00f6r kosmetiska syften. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k \u00e4r oetiska och dyra och \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelsen med m\u00e4nniskor bristf\u00e4llig. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

I Finland forskar man p\u00e5 alternativ till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k vid Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods, FICAM, vid Tammerfors universitet. Ett tiotal forskare, bland annat biokemister och cellbiologer, arbetar vid centret som leds av professor Tuula Heinonen<\/strong>. FICAM utvecklar testmodeller som baserar sig p\u00e5 m\u00e4nskliga celler f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4ndas av forskare, industrin och myndigheter. Samtidigt minskar behovet av f\u00f6rs\u00f6ksdjur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I
Bild: FICAM.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r en cellmodell? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Djurmodeller anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r studier av totaleffekter i organismen medan cellmodeller anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att testa effekterna p\u00e5 olika v\u00e4vnader, s\u00e5som levern, njurarna och tarmen. I datormodeller kan resultaten kombineras s\u00e5 att de omfattar hela m\u00e4nniskokroppen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dVi utvecklar modeller och tester utg\u00e5ende fr\u00e5n v\u00e5ra egna innovationer, h\u00e4mtar modeller som andra utvecklat till laboratoriet och validerar metoder p\u00e5 EU-niv\u00e5. Dessutom sprider vi information och ger utbildning p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det. Forskarna h\u00e5ller exempelvis sj\u00e4lva p\u00e5 att ta fram en hj\u00e4rt- och k\u00e4rlmodell som kunde anv\u00e4ndas som utg\u00e5ngspunkt f\u00f6r andra v\u00e4vnadsmodeller. I modellerna simuleras v\u00e4vnaden eller organet i fr\u00e5ga s\u00e5 exakt som m\u00f6jligt. D\u00e5 kombineras flera olika celltyper\u201d, ber\u00e4ttar Heinonen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modellens \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelse med v\u00e4vnaden i fr\u00e5ga bekr\u00e4ftas genom att strukturen och \u00e4ndringar p\u00e5 cellniv\u00e5n j\u00e4mf\u00f6rs med strukturen och \u00e4ndringar p\u00e5 cellniv\u00e5 i motsvarande m\u00e4nsklig v\u00e4vnad. Den blodk\u00e4rlsmodell som tagits fram anv\u00e4nds ocks\u00e5 som utg\u00e5ngspunkt f\u00f6r andra modeller och tester. Den modellerar den naturliga blodk\u00e4rlsstrukturen, \u00e4ven om inget blod pulserar genom k\u00e4rlen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blodk\u00e4rlstest ers\u00e4tter djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k till exempel vid framtagningen av cancermediciner<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cancerceller har redan l\u00e4nge anv\u00e4nts i forskningen. Anv\u00e4ndningen av andra m\u00e4nskliga celler \u00e4r en mycket nyare teknik som togs i bruk f\u00f6rst p\u00e5 2000-talet. Blodk\u00e4rlsmodellen avbildar blodk\u00e4rlsbildningen i s\u00e5v\u00e4l foster som vuxna m\u00e4nniskor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det framtagna blodk\u00e4rlstestet kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r olika syften. Exempelvis kan det ers\u00e4tta djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k n\u00e4r man pr\u00f6var ut cancermediciner eller utforskar andra mediciner d\u00e4r man vill att l\u00e4kemedlet ska f\u00f6rhindra att blodk\u00e4rl bildas. Syftet med cancermediciner \u00e4r att f\u00f6rhindra att det bildas blodk\u00e4rl som f\u00f6rser tum\u00f6ren med n\u00e4ring. F\u00f6r foster \u00e4r det \u00e5 andra sidan ett problem om blodk\u00e4rl inte bildas som de ska, och brister kan uppst\u00e5 i extremiteterna. Med blodk\u00e4rlsmodellen kan man \u00e4ven m\u00e4ta huruvida en kemisk substans kan leda till att den tidiga blodk\u00e4rlsbildningen i fostret h\u00e4mmas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cellerna f\u00e5s antingen fr\u00e5n sjukhus med patienternas samtycke, differentieras fr\u00e5n adulta stamceller eller tas fr\u00e5n differentierade celler, s\u00e5som hudceller. Cellerna kan ocks\u00e5 k\u00f6pas in fr\u00e5n f\u00f6retag som specialiserat sig p\u00e5 att producera celler. Vid kirurgisk fettsugning f\u00e5s stamceller fr\u00e5n fettet, och vid f\u00f6rlossningar kan vissa celler isoleras ur navelstr\u00e4ngen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"FICAMilla
Bild: FICAM.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ett finskt, djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6ksfritt alternativ f\u00f6r industrins behov <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande f\u00e5r FICAM finansiering fr\u00e5n Finlands Akademi, undervisnings- och kulturministeriet samt jord- och skogsbruksministeriet. Business Finland (f.d. Tekes) ger st\u00f6d f\u00f6r att skapa kommersiella f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningar. Test- och unders\u00f6kningstj\u00e4nsterna kan k\u00f6pas av vem som helst, till exempel industrif\u00f6retag eller forskningsgrupper vid universitet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

FICAM kan tillhandah\u00e5lla testning med h\u00f6g kvalitet i Finland. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

FICAM har ett h\u00f6gklassigt laboratorium vars resultat godtas av myndigheterna. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r kan FICAM tillhandah\u00e5lla testning med h\u00f6g kvalitet i Finland. Till exempel kan kosmetikaf\u00f6retag k\u00f6pa centrets tj\u00e4nster. Ocks\u00e5 best\u00e5ndsdelar i andra kemikalier, s\u00e5som mediciner, livsmedelstillsatser, m\u00e5larf\u00e4rger och hush\u00e5llskemikalier, kan testas vid FICAM, och testerna beh\u00f6ver inte anlitas utomlands ifr\u00e5n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuula Heinonen ser en ljus framtid s\u00e5v\u00e4l i Finland som utomlands f\u00f6r alternativen till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k. Det finns gott om studenter som vill skriva sina examensarbeten vid FICAM, allt fr\u00e5n pro gradu-studenter till doktorander som filar p\u00e5 sina avhandlingar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Europeiska kommissionen arbetar eftertryckligt f\u00f6r ett stopp mot djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k. F\u00f6rs\u00f6ken \u00e4r oetiska och dyra och \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelsen med m\u00e4nniskor bristf\u00e4llig. Europeiska kommissionen finansierar projekt f\u00f6r utveckling av djurfria testmetoder, men finansieringen \u00e4r knappare \u00e4n i USA. Enligt Heinonen finns det i USA en mycket starkare str\u00e4van att ta i bruk djurfria metoder, framf\u00f6r allt f\u00f6r att de utg\u00f6r b\u00e4ttre modeller av m\u00e4nniskan \u00e4n djur \u00e4r och f\u00f6r att de \u00e4r f\u00f6rm\u00e5nliga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celltesternas p\u00e5litlighet och f\u00f6rm\u00e5nlighet pekar p\u00e5 en viss positiv utveckling. Priset p\u00e5 testmetoderna spelar, som pengar alltid g\u00f6r, en roll. Celltester \u00e4r f\u00f6rm\u00e5nligare \u00e4n djurtester. Celltester kan automatiseras, vilket i praktiken inneb\u00e4r o\u00e4ndlig kapacitet. Den st\u00f6rsta f\u00f6rdelen med testmetoder som utg\u00e5r fr\u00e5n m\u00e4nskliga celler visavi djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k \u00e4r att de f\u00f6rra modellerar m\u00e4nniskans biologi i\u202fst\u00e4llet f\u00f6r f\u00f6rs\u00f6ksdjurens. Heinonen ber\u00e4ttar att djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6kens \u00f6verensst\u00e4mmelse med m\u00e4nniskan bara \u00e4r omkring 50\u202fprocent, ofta mindre \u00e4n s\u00e5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testmetodernas pris har stor betydelse. Slutligen ger Heinonen ett exempel: i l\u00e4kemedelsindustrin \u00e4r det bara cirka 8\u202fprocent av alla de l\u00e4kemedel som tas fram som i slut\u00e4ndan f\u00e5s ut p\u00e5 marknaden. Med testmodeller som baserar sig p\u00e5 m\u00e4nskliga celler kan siffran i framtiden komma att stiga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6vers\u00e4ttning: Be Nordling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e4llor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En intervju med professor Tuula Heinonen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FICAMs webbsida (p\u00e5 finska).<\/a> L\u00e4nken \u00f6ppnas i en ny flik. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vill du f\u00e5 tidningen hem? <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Artikeln publicerades ursprungligen i Animalia-tidningen 1\/2019. Du kan best\u00e4lla den genom att bli medlem i Animalia h\u00e4r<\/a> (p\u00e5 finska). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alternativ till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k utforskas kontinuerligt. I Finland bedriver Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM) vid Tammerfors universitet s\u00e5dant arbete. Centret fyllde nyligen 10\u202f\u00e5r. Orsaker till att det beh\u00f6vs alternativ \u00e4r att djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k \u00e4r oetiska, att djurs biolog skiljer sig fr\u00e5n m\u00e4nniskans och att djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k \u00e4r dyra. Lagstiftningen f\u00f6ruts\u00e4tter redan nu att cellmodeller anv\u00e4nds i de […]<\/p>\n

L\u00e4s mer<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":19255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[263,192,202],"class_list":["post-19253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-langa-artiklar","tag-artikel-sv","tag-forsoksdjur-sv","tag-tidningen-animalia-sv"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFinska FICAM fr\u00e4mjar forskning utan djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k | Animalia-media<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I Finland bedriver Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM) vid Tammerfors universitet s\u00e5dant arbete. 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